Sarawak

Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia, occupying the north-western portion of Borneo Island. It is known for its incredible biodiversity, extensive cave systems (Gunung Mulu, Niah), longhouses of indigenous tribes (Iban, Bidayuh, Orang Ulu), and the charming capital city of Kuching. Sarawak was ruled by the Brooke family (White Rajahs) from 1841 to 1946, a unique period in colonial history. The state's rainforests are among the oldest in the world, and its rivers — notably the Rejang, Baram, and Limbang — have historically been the main transport arteries.

Sarawak is hot and humid year-round. The drier season is June–September. The northeast monsoon (November–March) brings heavier rainfall, especially to coastal areas. The annual Rainforest World Music Festival (July) in Kuching is a major draw. Orangutan viewing is best during the fruiting season (August–October).

The Pan Borneo Highway runs through Sarawak, connecting Kuching, Sibu, Bintulu, and Miri. Internal flights (MASwings) connect Kuching, Miri, Bintulu, and remote highland settlements like Bario and Lawas. River transport is essential for reaching longhouses and interior towns (Kapit, Belaga). Express boats run on the Rejang and Baram rivers.

• Kuching — state capital, waterfront, Sarawak Museum, Bako National Park
• Miri — gateway to Gunung Mulu National Park and Niah Caves
• Gunung Mulu National Park — UNESCO World Heritage Site, massive caves and Pinnacles
• Bako National Park — Sarawak's oldest park, proboscis monkeys, sea stacks
• Sibu — gateway to the Rejang River and Iban longhouses
• Niah National Park — Neolithic caves and cave paintings
• Santubong — beach resorts and Sarawak Cultural Village

Sarawak's cuisine is diverse and distinctive. Sarawak laksa (a creamy, spicy noodle soup with coconut milk and prawns) and kolo mee (dry egg noodles with minced pork and char siu) are the iconic dishes. Midin (jungle fern) is a local vegetable. Seafood is excellent, especially in Kuching and Miri. Pepper cultivation is a Sarawak speciality.

Sarawak is celebrated for its cultural diversity — over 40 ethnic groups including Iban, Bidayuh, Melanau, Orang Ulu, and Chinese. The Rainforest World Music Festival (July) is internationally renowned. Gawai Dayak (June 1) marks the Iban harvest festival with traditional dance, tuak (rice wine), and longhouse visits. The Kuching Festival (August) features food fairs and cultural performances.

• Exploring the Sarawak Chamber — the world's largest cave chamber at Gunung Mulu
• Longhouse homestay — staying with an Iban or Bidayuh family in a traditional longhouse
• Proboscis monkey spotting at Bako National Park
• Sarawak laksa breakfast — the definitive Kuching meal
• River cruise on the Rejang — the longest river in Malaysia